关于经济的英文名人名言(要十条英文名人名言带翻译)

关于经济的英文名人名言(要十条英文名人名言带翻译)

1.要十条英文名人名言（带翻译）

if enterprise is afoot, wealth accumulates whatever may be happening to thrift; and if enterprise is asleep, wealth decays, whatever thrift may be doing. (john maynard keynes british economist)如果企业在进展，不论节俭不节俭，财富也在衰落。（国经济学家 凯恩斯 .j.m.）

literature flourishes best when it is half a trade and half an art. (wiliam rplph lnge, birtish writer and churchman) 当文学一半成为贸易，一半成为艺术时，那是它最繁荣的时期。（英国作家和牧师 英奇. w.r.）

if you don't learn to think when you are young , you may never learn.(thomas edison , american inventor) 如果你年轻时就没有学会思考，那么就永远学不会思考。（美国发明家 爱迪生 . t.）

better be unborn than untaught , for ignorance is the root of misfortune .(plato , ancient greek philosopher) 与其不受教育，不如不生，因为无知是不幸的根源.（古希腊哲学家 柏拉图）

genius17 without education is like silver in the mine. (benjamin franklin , american president) 未受教育的天才，犹如矿中之银。 （美国总统 富兰克. b.）

the roots of education are bitter , but the fruit is sweet .(aristotle , ancient greek philosopher) 教育的根是苦的，但其果实是甜的。（古希腊哲学家 亚里士多德）

did you ever expect a corporation to have a conscience, when it has no soul to damned, and no body to be kicked? (edward thurlow, british lawyer) 公司既没有灵魂可以被诅咒，又没有躯体可以被踢翻，难道你指望它有什么良心吗？（英国律师 瑟洛杉矶 .e.）

economy the poor man's mints; extravagance the rich man\'s pitfall.(martin tupper. american economist.) 节约是穷人的造币厂，浪费是富人的陷阱。（美国经济学家 塔珀 .m.）

a friendship founded on business is better than business founded on friendship. (john davision rockefeller, american businessman) 建立在商务基础上的友谊胜过建立在友谊基础上的商务。（美国实业家 洛克菲勒 j d.）

natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study.(francis bacon , british philosopher ) 天生的才干如同天生的植物一样，需要靠学习来修剪。（英国哲学家 培根 . f.）

2.英文名人名言

Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain. （智力投资绝不会白花。）

Constant dropping wears the stone. （滴水穿石。） Experience is the mother of wisdom.（经验是智慧之母。）

Every man is his own worst enemy.（一个人最大的敌人就是他自 己。） Saying and doing are two different things. （说和做是迥然不同的两回事。）

Actions speak louder than words. （行动比语言更响亮。） From small beginnings comes great things. （伟大始于渺小。）

Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.（脑中有知识，胜过手中有金钱。） The voice of one man is the voice of no one. （一个人的声音没有力量。）

A great ship asks for deep waters.（大船要走深水。） While there is life, there is hope.（有生命便有希望/留得青山在，哪怕没柴烧） Two heads are better than one. （一人不及二人智；三个臭皮匠，胜个过一个诸葛亮。）

Wise men learn by other men's mistakes; fools by their own. （聪明人从别人的错误中学得教训；笨人则自己付出代价。他山之石可以攻玉。）

Good company on the road is the shortest cut. （行路有良伴就是捷径。） It takes all sorts to make a world. （世界是由各种不同的人所组成的。）

Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.（无热情成就不了伟业。） Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance.（没有恒心只有力量是完不成伟业。）

It is never too late to learn. （活到老，学到老。） It is never too late to mend. （亡羊补牢，犹时未晚。）

The secret of success is constancy of purpose.（成功的秘诀在于持之于恒。） Misfortunes never come alone/single.（祸不单行。）

Misfortunes come on wings and depart on foot.（遭祸容易脱祸难。） Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.（不经灾难不知福。）

To an optimist every change is a change for the better.（对于乐观者总是越变越好。） Truth never fears investigation.（事实从来不怕调查。）

A good medicine tasks bitter.（良药苦口。） Great minds think alike. （英雄所见略同。）

Storms make trees take deeper roots.（风暴使树木深深扎根。） Live and let live. （自己生活也让别人生活。）

Better late than never. （迟做总比不做好；晚来总比不来强。） A bold attempt is half success.（勇敢的尝试是成功的一半。）

All things are difficult before they are easy. （凡事必先难后易。） What we acquire without sweat we give away without regret.（得之不费力，弃之不可惜。）

Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.（只要有一颗意志坚强的心，没事不成。） Work makes the workman.（勤工出巧 匠。）

Constant dropping wears the stone. （滴水穿石。） He that can have patience, can have what he will.（唯坚韧者始能遂其志。）

Self-distrust is the cause of most of our failures.（我们绝大多数的失败都是因为缺乏自信之故。） The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of time. （成功之路没它，唯全力投入工作，而不稍存沽名钓誉之心。）

To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting.（读书不思考，犹如吃饭不消化。） The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and thedetermination to attain it.（人生之要事在于确立伟大的目标与实现这目标的决心。）

One of these days is none of these days.（有这么一天就是没有这么一天。/吾生待明日，万事成蹉跎。）

Every horse thinks its own pack heaviest.（每匹马都认为自己所负的背包最重。） Nothing down, nothing up. （无下则无上。

/不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹？） A good book is your best friend. （好书如挚友。） Asking costs nothing. （问人不费分文。）

Ask me no questions and I will tell you no lies.（你不问我，我就不会说谎话。） The tongue is boneless but it breaks bones. （舌无骨却折断骨。）

A good name is easier lost than won.（名誉失之易，而得之难。） Every profession produces its own best（行行出状元。）

Today must borrow nothing of tomorrow. （今日事今日毕。） Do not , for one repulse , give up the purpose that you resolved to effect .(William Shakespeare , British dramatist) 不要只因一次失败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。

（英国剧作家 莎士比亚.W.） Don't part with your illusions . When they are gone you may still exist , but you have ceased to live. (Mark Twain , American writer) 不要放弃你的幻想。当幻想没有了以后，你还可以生存，但是你虽生犹死。

（（美国作家 马克·吐温） I want to bring out the secrets of nature and apply them for the happiness of man . I don't know of any better service to offer for the short time we are in the world .(Thomas Edison , American inventor) 我想揭示大自然的秘密，用来造福人类。我认为，在我们的短暂一生中，最好的贡献莫过于此了。

（美国发明家 爱迪生. T.） Ideal is the beacon. Without ideal , there is no secure direction ; without 。

3.英文名人名言有哪些

1、Other men live to eat, while I eat to live.

别人为食而生存，我为生存而食。—— Socrates 苏格拉底

2、Easy come, easy go.

易得者亦易失。 —— Hazlitt赫斯特

3、Love rules his kingdom without a sword.

爱，统治了他的王国，不用一枝利剑。—— Herbert 赫伯特

4、We soon believe what we desire.

我们欲望中的东西，我们很快就信以为真。—— Chaucer乔叟

5、The darkest hour is that before the dawn.

黎明前的时分是最黑暗的。—— Fuller 富勒

6、The longest day has an end.

最难过的日子也有尽头。—— Howell 贺韦尔

7、Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.

生活而无目标，犹如航海之无指南针。—— J. Ruskin 鲁斯金

补充：

1、First catch your hare.

首先必须捕获兔子，然后才能宰之。—— Thackeray 萨克雷

2、Victory won't come to me unless I go to it.

胜利是不会向我走来的，我必须自己走向胜利。—— M. Moore 穆尔

3、A great man is always willing to be little.

伟大的人物总是愿意当小人物的。—— R. W. Emerson 爱默生

4、Cowards die many times before their deaths.

懦夫在未死之前，已身历多次死亡的恐怖了。 —— Julius Caesar 凯撒

5、Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.

但凡人能想象到的事物，必定有人能将它实现。 —— Jules Verne 凡尔纳

6、Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.

早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。—— Benjamin Franklin 富兰克林

7、Life is just a series of trying to make up your mind.

生活只是由一系列下决心的努力所构成。—— T. Fuller 富勒

8、Goals determine what you are going to be.

目标决定你将成为为什么样的人。—— Julius Erving欧文

9、All human wisdom is summed up in two words ?C wait and hope.

人类所有的智慧可以归结为两个词 — 等待和希望。—— Alexandre Dumas Pére大仲马（法国作家）

10、It is not enough to be industrious, so are the ants. What are you industrious for?

光勤劳是不够的，蚂蚁也是勤劳的。要看你为什么而勤劳。—— H. D. Thoreau梭罗

11、You have to believe in yourself. That's the secret of success.

人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。—— Charles Chaplin卓别林

4.50句英文名人名言

Wise men learn by other men's mistakes; fools by their own. （聪明人从别人的错误中学得教训；笨人则自己付出代价。

他山之石可以攻玉。） Good company on the road is the shortest cut. （行路有良伴就是捷径。）

It takes all sorts to make a world. （世界是由各种不同的人所组成的。） Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.（无热情成就不了伟业。）

Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance.（没有恒心只有力量是完不成伟业。） It is never too late to learn. （活到老，学到老。）

It is never too late to mend. （亡羊补牢，犹时未晚。） The secret of success is constancy of purpose.（成功的秘诀在于持之于恒。）

Misfortunes never come alone/single.（祸不单行。） Misfortunes come on wings and depart on foot.（遭祸容易脱祸难。）

Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.（不经灾难不知福。） To an optimist every change is a change for the better.（对于乐观者总是越变越好。）

Truth never fears investigation.（事实从来不怕调查。） A good medicine tasks bitter.（良药苦口。）

Great minds think alike. （英雄所见略同。） Storms make trees take deeper roots.（风暴使树木深深扎根。）

Live and let live. （自己生活也让别人生活。） Better late than never. （迟做总比不做好；晚来总比不来强。）

A bold attempt is half success.（勇敢的尝试是成功的一半。） All things are difficult before they are easy. （凡事必先难后易。）

What we acquire without sweat we give away without regret.（得之不费力，弃之不可惜。） Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.（只要有一颗意志坚强的心，没事不成。）

Work makes the workman.（勤工出巧 匠。） Constant dropping wears the stone. （滴水穿石。）

He that can have patience, can have what he will.（唯坚韧者始能遂其志。） Self-distrust is the cause of most of our failures.（我们绝大多数的失败都是因为缺乏自信之故。）

The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of time. （成功之路没它，唯全力投入工作，而不稍存沽名钓誉之心。） To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting.（读书不思考，犹如吃饭不消化。）

The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and thedetermination to attain it.（人生之要事在于确立伟大的目标与实现这目标的决心。） One of these days is none of these days.（有这么一天就是没有这么一天。

/吾生待明日，万事成蹉跎。） Every horse thinks its own pack heaviest.（每匹马都认为自己所负的背包最重。）

Nothing down, nothing up. （无下则无上。/不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹？） A good book is your best friend. （好书如挚友。）

Asking costs nothing. （问人不费分文。）。

5.关于完美的英文名人名言

genius; fortune conceals it. (Horace, ancient Roman poet) 苦难显才华，好运隐天资。

（古罗马诗人 贺拉斯） Almost any situation---good or bad ---is affected by the attitude we bring to. (Lucius Annaus Seneca, Ancient Roman philosopher) 差不多任何一种处境——无论是好是坏——都受到我们对待处境的态度的影响。（古罗马哲学家 西尼加 L A） Although the world is full of suffering, it is full also of the overcoming of it. (Hellen Keller, American writer) 虽然世界多苦难，但是苦难总是能战胜的（美国作家 海伦·凯勒） As fruit needs not only sunshine but cold nights and chilling showers to ripen it, so character needs not only joy but trial and difficulty to mellow it. (Hugh Black, American writer) 水果不仅需要阳光，也需要凉夜。

寒冷的雨水能使其成熟。人的性格陶冶不仅需要欢乐，也需要考验和困难。

（美国作家 布莱克 H） Everything can be taken from a man but one thing; the freedom to choose his attitude in any given set of circumstances. (Leonhard Frand , German novelist) 我可以拿走人的任何东西，但有一样东西不行，这就是在特定环境下选择自己的生活态度的自由。（德国小说家 弗兰克 L） Every tragedy makes heroes of common people. (Normna Stephens, American writer) 每场悲剧都会在平凡的人中造就出英雄来。

（美国作家 斯蒂芬斯 N） He who allows himself to be insulted, deserves to be. (F.C.Comford, British writer) 自己甘愿受辱的人，受污辱也活该。（英国作家 科福德 F C） I find life an exciting business and most exciting when it is lived for others. (Helen Keller,Ameican writer) 我发现生活是令人激动的事情，尤其是为别人活着时。

（美国作家 海伦·凯勒） I wept when I was born, and every day shows why.(Jack London, American novelist) 我一生下来就开始哭泣，而每一天都表明我哭泣的原因。（美国小说家 杰克·伦敦） If you want to live your whole life free from pain 如果你想一生摆脱苦难 You must become either a god or else a coupes 你就得是神或者是死尸 Consider other men's troubles 想想他人的不幸 That will comfort yours 你就能坦然面对人生 Menander, Ancient Athenian playwriter 古雅典剧作家 米南德 In this world there is always danger for those who are afraid of it. (George Bernad Shaw, British dramastist) 对于害怕危险的人，这个世界上总是 危险的。

（英国剧作家 肖伯纳 G） It is not true suffering ennobles the character; happiness does that sometimes, but suffering, for the most part, makes men petty and vindictive. (William Somerset Maugham, British novelist) 说苦难能使人格得到升华，这是不确切的；幸福有时倒能做到这一点，而苦难常会使人心胸狭窄，产生复仇的心理。（英国小说家 毛姆 W S） Let us suggest to the person in crisis that he cease concentrating so upon the dangers involved and the difficultie,and concentrate instead upon the opptunity---for there is always opportunity in crisis. (Seebohm Caroline, British physician) 让我们建议处在危机之中的人：不要把精力如此集中地放在所涉入的危险和困难上，相反而要集中在机会上——因为危机中总是存在着机会。

（英国医生 卡罗琳 S） Light troubles speak; great troubles keep silent. (Lucius Annaeus Seneneca, Ancient Roman Philosopher) 小困难，大声叫嚷；大困难，闷声不响。（古罗马哲学家 尼加 L A） Mishaps are like knives that either serve us or cut us as we grasp them by the handle or blade.(James Russell Lowell, American poetess and critic) 灾难就像刀子，握住刀柄就可以为我们服务，拿住刀刃则会割破手。

（美国女诗人、批评家 洛威尔 J R） No one can degrade us except ourselves; that if we are worthy, no influence can defeat us. (B.T.Washington, American educator) 除了我们自己以外，没有人能贬低我们。如果我们坚强，就没有什么不良影响能够打败我们。

（美国教育家 华盛顿 B T） No pain , no palm; no thorns , no throne ; no gall, no glory; no cross, no crown. (William Penn, British admiral) 没有播种，何来收获；没有辛劳，何来成功；没有磨难，何来荣耀；没有挫折，何来辉煌。（英国海军上将 佩恩 W） Optimists always picture themselves accomplishing their goals. (Lucius Anaeus Seneca, Ancient Roman philosopher) 乐观主义者总是想象自己实现了目标的情景。

（古罗马哲学家 西尼加 L A） Perhaps you can't control your job, but you may be able to make other changes in your life. (Alan Loy Mcginnis ,British writer) 或许你不能支配自己的工作，但你能够使生活发生转变。（英国作家 麦金尼斯 A L） Prosperity doth best discover vice, but adversity doth discover virtue. 顺境时显现恶习，逆境时凸现美德 Rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation. (John Kennedy, American president) 从希望中得到欢乐，在苦难中保持坚韧。

（美国总统 肯尼迪 J） Sweet are the uses of adversity.(William Shakspeare,British 。

6.急求关于钱是什么的英文名人名言

Money is like a sixth sense - and you can't make use of the other five without it。——William Somerset Maugham

Money never made a man happy yet, nor will it. The more a man has, the more he wants. Instead of filling a vacuum, it makes one—— Benjamin Franklin

Whoever said money can't buy happiness simply didn't know where to go shopping—— Bo Derek

So you think that money is the root of all evil. Have you ever asked what is the root of all money—— Ayn Rand

If you want to know what God thinks of money, just look at the people he gave it to. ——Dorothy Parker

The only way not to think about money is to have a great deal of it. ——Edith Wharton

Save a little money each month and at the end of the year you'll be surprised at how little you have. ——Ernest Haskins

Lack of money is the root of all evil. ——George Bernard Shaw

Money frees you from doing things you dislike. Since I dislike doing nearly everything, money is handy. ——Groucho Marx

7.200句左右,求英文名人名言

Love is ever the beginning of knowledge as fire is of light. 知识总是从爱好开始，犹如光总是从火开始一样。

-Thomas Carlyle（英国历史学家卡莱尔） People need to know one another to be at their honest best. 人们需要相互了解才能达到最诚实的境界。 -（Robbins Staca（英国作家斯达卡） Admonish your friends privately, but praise them openly. 要私下告诫朋友，但是要公开夸奖朋友。

-Publius Syrus（叙利亚作家西拉丁） All happy families are like one another; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. 所有幸福的家庭都相似，而每个不幸的家庭各不同。 -Leo Tolstoy（俄国文学家托尔斯泰） Friendship is both a source of pleasure and a component of good health. 友谊既是快乐之源泉，又是健康之要素。

-Ralph Waldo Emerson（美国思想家爱默生） If you don't learn to think when you are young, you may never learn. 如果你年轻时没有学会思考，那就永远学不会思考。 -Thomas Edison（美国发明家爱迪生） Whoever is in a hurry shows that the thing he is about is too big for him. 不管是谁，匆匆忙忙只能说明他不能从事他所从事的工作。

-Philip Dormer Chesterfield（英国政治家切斯特菲尔德） It takes a lot of thought and effort and downright determination to be agreeable. 要做到与人融洽相处，需要仔细地思考，认真地努力和痛下决心。 -Ralph Waldo Emerson（美国思想家爱默生） When work is a pleasure, life is joy! When work is duty, life is slavery. 工作是一种乐趣时，生活是一种享受！工作是一种义务时，生活则是一种苦役。

-Maxim Gorky（俄国作家高尔基） It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. 不能爱哪行才干哪行，要干哪行爱哪行。 -Winston Churchill（英国首相，丘吉尔） A man is called selfish, not pursuing his own good, but neglecting his neighbour's. 追求自身的利益，不是自私；只有忽视他人的利益，才是自私。

-Richard Whately （美国牧师惠特利） People need to know one another to be at their honest best. 人们需要相互了解才能达到最诚实的境界。 -（Robbins Staca（英国作家斯达卡） One thorn of experience is worth a whole wilderness of warning. 一次痛苦的经验抵得上千百次的告诫。

-James Russell Lowell（英国诗人洛威尔） Throughout life, we rely on small groups of people for love, admiration, respect, moral support and help. 整个一生， 我们都有赖于从一些人群中获得友爱、赏识、尊重、道义支持和帮助。 -Ralph Waldo Emerson（美国思想家爱默生） He that will not allow his friend to share the prize must not expect him to share the danger. 不肯让朋友共享果实的人，不要指望朋友与他共患难。

-Aesop（古希腊寓言作家伊索） No man is the whole of himself; his friends are the rest of him. 任何人自己都不是完整的；他的朋友是他的其余部分。 -Harry Emerson Fosdick（美国牧师福斯迪克） Treat other people as you hope they will treat you. 你希望别人如何对待你，你就如何对待别人。

-Aesop（古希腊寓言家伊索） Experience more than sufficiently teaches that men govern nothing with more difficult than their tongues. 经验给了我们太多的教训，告诉我们人类最难管制的东西，莫过于自己的舌头。 -Bendict de Spinoza（荷兰哲学家斯宾诺沙） The greatest lesson in life is to know that even fools are right sometimes. 人生最大的教训是要知道即使傻瓜有时候也是对的。

-Winston Churchill（英国政治家丘吉尔） The greater the power, the more dangerous the abuse. 权力越大，滥用职权的危险就越大。 -Burke Edmund（英国政治家埃德蒙） If you fight for yourself, only you can win; when you fight for your marriage, you both win. 如果你只为自己奋斗，只有你一个人是赢家；若为婚姻奋斗，夫妻两人都是赢家。

-Pearsall Paul（美国哲学家保罗） When you want knowledge like you want air under water then you will get it. 当你需要知识就像你在水底需要空气时，你准能得到它。 -Socrates（古希腊哲学家苏格拉底） Behavior is a mirror in which every one shows his image. 行为是一面镜子，每个人都把自己的形象显现于其中。

-Johann Wolfgang von Goethe（德国诗人歌德） There is something that is much more scarce, something rarer than ability. It is the ability to recognize. 有的东西比才能稀罕得多，珍贵得多，这就是识别的能力。 -Robert Half（英国作家哈夫） The more we do, the more we can do; the more busy we are, the more leisure we have. 事越做越能，人越忙越有空。

-William Hazlitt（英国评论家哈滋里特） A man, like a watch, is to be valued by this manner of going. 一个人，正如一个时钟，是以他的行动来定其价值的。 -William Penn（英国海军上将佩恩） The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imagination. 世界的悲剧就在于有。

英文经贸合同中常用的正式词句与句型

经贸合同中常用的正式词句与句型

FORMAL WORDS AND SENTENCES USED IN COMMERCIAL CONTRACT



学术交流请在评论区留言



一、 多用正式或法律上的用词，比如：

1、 合同规范用词

At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment.

应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。 assist 较 help 正式；



The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq.

所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。partake in 较 take part in 正式；



The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel.

雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。 render 较 give 正式；



Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou.

甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其返回广州的旅费。 repatriate 较 send back 正式；



This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China.

本合同受中国法律管辖，并按中国法律解释。construe 较 explain, interpret 正式；



The Employer may object to and require the Contractor to replace forthwith any of its authorized representatives who is incompetent.

雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时，可以反对并要求立即撤换。require较ask正式；公文体forthwith 较 at once 正式；



The Chairperson may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors.

董事长可以根据董事会过1/3董事的提议而召集临时董事会议。

convene, interim 都是正式用词。



In case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed, the other party shall have the preemptive right.

如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分，另一方有优先购买权。

法律用词assign 较 transfer 正式.



In processing transactions, the manufacturers shall never have title either to the materials or the finished products.

加工贸易中，厂方无论是对原料还是成品都无所有权。 法律用词title 较 ownership 正式.



The term "Effective date" means the date on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto.

“生效期”指双方合同签字的日子。 法律用词execute 较 sign 正式.



用词方面

多使用"here"，"there"，"where"等前缀：

多用"shall"代替"will"或"should"加强语气和强制力。

This Contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed.

本合同签字生效。



This Contract shall be written in English in four copies. Each party shall keep two copies.

本合同应以英文写成，一式四份，双方各持两份。

合同中，shall并非单纯表示将来时，而常用来表示法律上可强制执行的义务，具有约束力，宜译为“应”、“应该”、“必须”； will无论语气还是强制力要比shall弱，宜译为“将”、“原”、“要”；should通常只用来表示语气较强的假设、比如“万一”。

用语方面(1)



2、力求严谨，明白无误：

The following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of this Contract.

下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分；



This Contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.

本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补；



All activities of ABC Co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of China.

ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖。



二、多用主动语态，少用被动语态：

Party B is hereby appointed by Party A as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (不宜)

乙方被甲方委托为在新加坡的独家销售代理商；



Party A hereby appoints Party B as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (适宜)

甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商；



三、多用现在时，少用将来时，尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项：

Licensee may terminate this Contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to Licensor upon the happening of one of the following events:

当有下列事件之一发生，被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后，可以终止合同：



Licensor becomes insolvent or a liquidator of Licensor is appointed;

许可人无力偿付债务或其破产清算人以被指定；



The patent described in Article 2 is not issued within 30 days from signing this Contract; and

第二条规定的专利未在签约后30天之内发布；



Licensor fails to perform its obligations under this Contract.

许可人未能履行其合同义务。



四、直接表达方式用得多，间接表达方式用的较少：

This Article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. （用得少）

本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。



This Article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. （用得多）

本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。



五、尽量使用一个动词，避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意短语：

Party A shall make an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing the Contract.

甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替 make an appointment of.



Party A will give consideration to Party B's proposal of exclusive agency.

甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替give consideration to.



六、特殊用语的正确使用

WHEREAS 鉴于

正式而重要的合同，尤其是英美法系的合同，多用它在前文中引出签约背景和目的，起连词作用：

WHEREAS the Employer is desirous that manpower can be rendered available for the construction of High-Rise Residential Complex in Baghdad, Iraq;

鉴于雇主欲请劳动力建造伊拉克巴格达的高层住宅综合大楼；



WHEREAS the Contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the Works;

鉴于承包人想为此工程提供劳动力；



WITNESS 证明

在合同前文中常用作首句的谓语动词：



This Agreement, made by ...

WITNESSES

WHEREAS..., it is agreed as follows:

本协议由……签订证明：鉴于……特此达成协议如下：



IN WITNESS WHEREOF 作为所协议事项的证据：

该短语常用于合同的结尾条款：



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Contract in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives on the date first above written.

作为所协议事项的证据，双方授权代表于上面首次写明的日期正式签订本协议一式两份。





IN CONSIDERATION OF 以……为约因/报酬

约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一，没有则合同不能依法强制履行。但是，大陆法系的合同则无此规定。

Now Therefore, in consideration of the premises and the covenants herein, contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因，订约双方协议如下：



In consideration of the payment to be made by Party A to Party B, Party B hereby covenants with Party A to complete the building in conformity with the provisions of the Contract.

乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设，以取得甲方所付的报酬。



NOW, THEREFORE 兹特

此短语用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项的常用开头语，并与其后hereby的结合。如果无HEREAS条款，则本短语可省略：



NOW, THEREFORE, it's hereby agreed and understood as follows；

兹特协议和谅解如下：



NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS 兹特立约为据



本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。

PRESENTS = the present writings 是主语，WITNESS是谓语：

NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows: 兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：



IN THE PRESENCE OF 见证人

本短语只在有见证人时使用—在订约双方当事人签名的下方由见证人签名作证，一般是相关的律师（Attorney）或公证处（Notary Public）:



IN THE PRESENCE OF the parties hereto have hereunder set their respective hands and seals:

作为协议事项的证据，订约双方各自签名盖章如下：



七、古体词语的正确使用

经贸合同经常使用古体词语。古体词主要有here, there和where后面加in ,with ,by ,after ,under ,to, on等词构成的复合词。这些词语语气庄重，具有法律问题风格，在经贸合同英语中经常被使用。

Hereafter = after this time ; in the future 今后；此后

herein = in this document 此中，于此，在此文件中

hereinafter = later in this contract 在下文;

hereto = to this 对此/至此;

hereof = of this 于此;

thereto = to that 到那里

whereby = by what ; by which 由是，按，靠那个

whereon = on what; on which 在那上面

whereas = considering that 鉴于

wherein = in what /in which 在那方面

whereof = of what /of which 关于那事



这些古体词语的运用使合同更加正式，并且避免了不必要的重复，使意义更清楚，简明。同时古体词还体现其严肃性及法律公文的结构严谨逻辑严密，言简意赅等特征。如：

This contract is made on 28th of May ,2008 by ABC Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “Sellers”) who agrees to sell and CBD Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “Buyers”), who agrees to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions stated as below.

本合同由ABC公司（以下简称“卖方”）与BCD公司（以下简称“买方”）于2008年5月28日订立，双方同意按下述条件买卖下列货物。



此句中使用了hereinafter 一词，使得文体显得正式。同时用hereinafter 表明 afterwards listed in this contract , 避免了重复contract 一词，显得简洁明了。



九、情态动词的用法

“shall” 一词出现频率较高以加强语气，再举例如下：

1． Shall是一个在英语合同中频繁出现的词。其主语为第三人称，做情态动词用，不表示“将要”。而在经贸合同中，shall 主要是用来表现法律的约束力，强调某种义务和责任，含有“必须”的强制意义。如：

This contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is sighted.

本合同应于签字之日开始生效。



Agent shall exercise all reasonable care and kill in the performance of his duties and shall act faithfully on behalf of Principle.

代理人在履行其责任时须运用所有合理的心思和技能，并须忠实地代表委托人行事。



2．用“shall”代替“will”or“should”以加强语气和强制力。如:

（1）The persons employed by party A shall be responsible to the Manager of party B.

（2）This Contract shall be written in English in four copies. Each party shall keep two copies.

（3）Agent shall exercise all reasonable care and skill in the performance of his duties and shall act faithfully on behalf of Principle.

在合同中 ,“shall”并非单纯的将来时 , 而是常用来表示法律上可以强制执行的义务 , 中文应译成“应”、“应该”、“必须”以表示其具有的约束力。“will”在合同中虽也用作表示承担义务的声明 , 但语气比“shall”弱 , 强制力也比“shall”差; 中文应译成“将”、“需”、“要”。“should”在合同中通常只用来表示语气较强的假设“万一”, 极少用来表示“应该”; 表示“应该”则多用“shall”, 这是经贸合同用词与基础英语用词的不同之处。



八、 同义词及并列的相关词语的正确选用

合同中经常出现成对的同义词或并列相关的词语，看似重复却可以使意思更加精确，成对用词还可以避免诉讼时双方律师钻词义间的细微差别大做文章。如：

able and willing to 能够并愿意

complaints and claims 索赔

free and clear 无

furnish and provide 供应

in full force and effect 完全有效的

made and signed 由…….签定

null and void 失效

purchase and sell 购买和销售

terms and conditions 条款

transferable or assignable 可转让的

stipulations and provisions 规定/条款



这些双联词和三联词组达到了加强语气，表意精确，增添正式文体色彩的目的。如：All documents, letters, telegrams and telexes interchanged between both parties before the signing of the Contract shall become null and void automatically from the date on which the Contract comes into force。

双方在签约前交换的所有文件、书信、电报和电传 ,应从本合同生效之日起自动失效。



九、 行文中较多使用专用词汇和法律术语

由于经贸合同文件是法律性的正式书面文件，为了维护法律文件的权威性，使用那些平时我们不常用的、法律的、正式的用词是必要的。

1. 经济贸易类术语:equity joint venture (合资经营企业)，articles of association (公司章程)，letter of intent (意向书)，licensee (被许可人)，sublicense （分许可证）,exclusive （独占性的），royalty （提成费），liquidated damages(违约金),letter of credit(信用证)。又如，collection, confirm, accept, tolerance ,more or less这些词在日常英语中通常分别理解为“收集”、“确认”、“接受”、“承受”、“大约”，但在合同英语中这些词语则是国际贸易术语，可分别译为“托收”、“保兑”（如confirmed L/C），“承兑”（如documents against acceptance）、“公差”及“溢短装”。



2. 法律术语：know-how (专有技术)，without prejudice to (不损害，以不损害…为前提)，claim(索赔)，arbitration award (仲裁裁决),substantive law (实体法),termination(终止)，infringement(侵权)，等等。In consideration of （考虑到，以…为约因，鉴于），whereas(鉴于），in the presence of (见证人),now therefore(特此，兹特),now these presents witness（兹特立约为据），这些词汇在具体的合同中经常使用大写形式。如：

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the Parties hereto have executed this Contract by their authorized representatives as of the first above written.

兹特由双方授权的代表 ,于上述首开日期和签署本合同为据。



WHEREAS the Employer is desirous to obtain manpower for building the Friendship Hotel, in Baghdad，Iraq . WHEREASDBC is desirous to provide manpower for the works. NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:

鉴于雇主想要劳动力修建伊拉克巴格达的友谊大酒店。鉴于BBB想要为本工程提供劳动力 ,兹特立此约为据 ,双方达成的条款如下。

从以上例子可以看出，在合同英语中有时连用几个WHEREAS表示签约的背景和目的。



十、经贸合同英语的句子特征

经贸合同及其他的法律文件都是规定合同双方应该做什么，而非提出问题或进行商讨，所以合同中都用陈述句，没有疑问句。为了使合同或协议明确而不被曲解，合同都是使用完整句，少简单句，不用省略句。同时还必须做到准确、严密、清楚、易解、要避免模棱两可，似是而非，含糊不清。既要防止遗漏，又要杜绝随意增添的可能性，这样才能避免双方在合作中产生争议。以下是经贸合同经常使用的典型句型结构：



（一）常使用条件状语从句和条件状语

经贸合同要求准确严密的规约当事人的权利、义务和责任，因而合同英语思维缜密，逻辑性强，既要考虑到各种不同情况，又要排除各种例外情形。合同条文规定双方应该履行的义务外，还要考虑各种可能发生的情况和应急办法，所以合同条款中有较多的条件句, 尤其是在有关付款、违约责任、不可抗力、财产处理和仲裁等中更是屡见不鲜。英文中最常见的是用if, should, unless, provided that, in the event of/that, in case of/that等表示。



1. If引导的句式

英文合同在表达“如果”、“在做什么事”，用“If”引导的从句或短语居多。如：

If the implementation of the Contract is influenced by typhoons, earthquake or other events considered by both Sides as FORCE MAJEURE, the postponement of implementation should be equal to the effective period of the said causes.

签字双方的任何一方由于台风、地震和双方同意的不可抗力事故而影响合同执行时，则延迟履行合同的期限应相当于出事故所影响的时间。



2. Should引导的句式

只有假设的是违背当事人意志的不利情况时才用到，而且一般将should从句置于句首。例如：

Should no settlement be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (Beijing) and the rules of this Commission shall be applied.

如协商不能解决争议，则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。



3. unless引导的句式

unless译为“除非”，和otherwise连用，且后面接过去分词。一般有“unless otherwise stipulated”和“except as otherwise provided”两种基本句型。otherwise后面的动词除上述stipulate和provide外，还可用require和state等。如：

Except as otherwise required by law or this Agreement, the Ventures shall not be required to make any further capital contributions to the Venture.

除非法律或本协议另有规定，不得要求合资方向企业另行交纳出资。



（二） 多使用定语从句

经贸合同中的句子与普通英语相比，句子结构、长度和使用从句的连贯性要复杂得多。合同文体中，完整长句的使用可以准确界定为合同当事人的有关权利和义务，排除被曲解、误解、产生歧义的可能性。句子的状语和定语从句等附加成分非常多,而且常常位于明显的位置，对主句意义进行解释、限定或修饰。如：



The Seller must deliver goods which are free from any right of claim of a third party based on industrial property or other intellectual property.

卖方所交之物必须是任何第三方均不能根据工业产权或其他知识产权享有任何权利或提出任何要求的货物。



（三）由It 作形式主语的主语从句

经贸合同英语中常使用名词代替动词、形容词和长句，这就是名词化结构。名词化结构主要指表示动作或状态的抽象名词或是起名词作用的非谓语动词，在合同英语中经常有It is agreed that , It is understood that ,It is agreed and understood that 等，如：It is agreed that a margin of 5 per cent shall be allowed for over or short count.

双方同意，允许的数量误差为正负5%.



十一、 经贸合同英语的翻译技巧

翻译经贸合同应遵循准确严谨、规范通顺的翻译原则。因为合同的严肃性、规定性及语言的精确性，在翻译经贸合同时应尽量做到语义、风格与原文保持一致。除了英语和汉语功底和一定的翻译能力外，还需要了解有关合同本身的专业知识和原文的篇章结构，正确理解原文在法律背景下的意思，然后应用翻译技巧——转换法对句子成分和结构形式作些调整，使合同的译文更规范、通顺的表达出来。



（一）利用转换法灵活翻译，使语言更具逻辑性

转译法是翻译常见的技巧之一, 它是指一个词在源语中的词性与目的语中未必就是同一个词性。使用转换法翻译经贸合同就是把英语合同中的某一成分转换为汉语合同的另一成分或将汉语的某一成分转换成英语的另一成分。 如：

In case no amicable settlement can be reached between the two parties, the case in dispute shall be submitted to arbitration which shall be held in the county where the defendant resides.

如双方达不成友好协议，争议可提交仲裁。仲裁在被诉方所在国进行。

此句中which 引导的定语从句实际上起了补充说明的作用，而不是对中心词加以限制，可译成汉语中的并列句。



（二）根据英语意义紧密度的关系对术语进行分割,再根据汉语表达习惯对全文进行整合。

英汉两种语言的术语词序既有完全相同的情况,也有不同的情况,前者的数量远远大于后者,而翻译的难点则在于英汉两种语言的词序有时恰好相反,或部分相反,这实际上是表达习惯的差异。例如: turnover net worth净值周转率 ,accounts receivable assigned 已转让应收帐款 ,value added tax 增值税 。这几个术语在英语中的语义紧密度是: turnover + net worth, accounts receivable +assigned, value added + tax。这无疑表明一些术语是由两个或更多的术语包括词语组成的，翻译时必须把不同含义的英语术语揉合转换成一个符合汉语表达习惯的术语，这就要求我们严格注意词序。