现在进行时句子结构

剑桥MSE语法课堂丨直接引语变间接引语，讲解+练习！,下面一起来看看本站小编剑桥MSE考试培训中心给大家精心整理的文章说说，希望对您有帮助

现在进行时句子结构

一. 语法讲解

直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语，直接引语通常都用引号括起来。

用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫间接引语。

间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。

Direct Speech

She said, “I like singing. ”

She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”

Indirect Speech

She said she liked singing.

She said she was waiting for a bus.

总结：直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等相应变化。

Direct Speech

She asked, “Have you seen the film?”

He asks, “Are you a doctor, John?”

She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?”

He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”

Indirect Speech

She asked me whether/if I had seen the film.

He asks John if/whether he is a doctor.

She asked us where we were going to get off.

He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.

总结：

【人称的变化】

一随主（第一人称根据主语来变）

二随宾（第二人称根据宾语来变）

三不变（第三人称不变）

E.g.

一随主

John said, “I’m going to London with my father.”

John said that he was going to London with his father.

二随宾

I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”

I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

三不变

John said, “Mary is going to London with her father.”

John said that Mary was going to London with her father.

【时态的变化】

主句时态一般是过去式，此时时态的变化规则是：除了过去完成时时态不变，其它向过去推移一步，具体如下：

直接引语

间接引语

一般现在时

一般过去式

现在进行时

过去进行时

现在完成时

过去完成时

一般过去时

过去完成时

一般将来时

过去将来时

现在完成进行时

过去完成进行时

过去完成时

不变

其它时态不变的情况：

客观事实、真理、谚语、习惯性动作

He said, “The moon moves around the earth.”

He said that the moon moves around the earth.

有明确表示时间的状语，如in 2010

John said, “I went to London in 2010.”

John said that he went to London in 2010.

主句是各种现在时或将来时

He says”I didn’t go to school today.”

He says that he didn’t go to school that day.

句中其他成分的变化

句中成分

直接引语

间接引语

指示代词

this

that

these

those

动词

come

go

bring

take

地点状语

here

there

时间状语

today

that day

this morning

that morning

yesterday

the day before

the day before yesterday

two days before

tomorrow

the next day

the day after tomorrow

in two days' time

next week

the next week

last week

the week before

two weeks ago

two weeks before

now

then

句子结构的变化

陈述句

去掉引号加that（that可省略）

祈使句

said改asked/told/ordered, 变不定式，注意特例

感叹句

去引号即可或换成that来引导

疑问句

（总则）语序变陈述，said改asked。（分则）一般疑问句/反义疑问句: if /whether来引导；选择疑问句: 变whether…or……句型；特殊疑问句: 去引号即可。

1）直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。

如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."

→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

2）直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。

如：He said, "Can you swim, John?"

→He asked John if he could swim.

"You have finished the homework, haven't you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"

→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.

3）直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"

→She asked me when they had their dinner.

4）直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。

如："Don't make any noise," she said to the children.

→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "

Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.

→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

5）直接引语如果是以"Let's"开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用"suggest +动句词（或从句）。

"如：He said, "Let's go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.

【补充讲解】

Direct Speech

The teacher said to the students,“Use your time wisely.”

She said to me,“Open the door.”

The teacher said to the students,“Don’t waste your time.”

Indirect Speech

The teacher told the students to use their time wisely.

She asked me to open the door.

The teacher told the students not to waste their time.

总结：直接引语是祈使句时，采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构，即ask/tell/order sb. (not) to do sth.

注意：直接引语如果是客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。

The teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun.”

→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

二. 经典例题

1.He asked ____ for the violin.

A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much

C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid

2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.

A.who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is

3. Can you tell me ____?

A.how good is his spoken English

B. how well his spoken English is

C. how well he speaks English

D. how good he can speak English

4. He said that he had bought the jacket____.

A. before three days B. three days before

C. three days ago D. last week

5. Did you say_____?

A. that what he said was true B. that it was true that he said

C. what did he say was true D. what he said it was true

6. Please tell me ____ from.

A. where do you come B. where you come

C. where you will come D. there you come

7. Ask her ____ come with us.

A if she will B. if or not she will

C. that if she will D. whether will she

8. The driver said that he ____ pick ____ a passenger at West Street.

A will, up B. would, up

C. will, out D. would, out

9. He said he ___ in 1993.

A .has born B. had been born

C. had born D. was born

10. John ___ me he was going to help me with my English.

A. explained B. spoke C. told D. said

11. He asked me ___I would go to Beijing by air the next day.

A. that if B. if

C. that whether D. how

12. —Joyce, please don’t open the window.

—Pardon?

—I ______ open the window.

A. tell you don’t B. tell you not to

C. told you didn’t D. told you not to

13. He_____they didn’t start early they wouldn’t catch the first bus.

A. said that if B. asked if

C. asked whether D. said that whether

14. The teacher asked us ______ so much noise.

A. don’t make B. not make

C. not making D. not to make

15. The doctor asked me what _______ with me.

A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was

【参考答案】1—5 DDCCA 6—10 BABDC 11—15 BDADC